2009年8月21日 星期五

生活陋習可以在齋月(Ramadan)裡改正


每個人都可能有某種飲食方面的陋習﹐吃喝的習慣不符合衛生﹐或者有礙健康﹐或者某種不良嗜好和習慣﹐譬如對某種不健康的飲食上了癮﹐成為那種飲食的奴隸。 當然﹐凡是發現有不良飲食習慣的人﹐都希望改正﹐不但為了省錢﹐更重要的是為了健康著想﹐也可以改善人際關係﹐讓別人不要討厭自己。
改正某種習慣﹐可不容易﹐縱然主觀上下了決心﹐也曾努力過﹐但成效甚小﹐反反覆覆。 有人說﹐戒煙很容易﹐一個人在一年之內有十次戒煙的經驗﹐每次都以失敗而告終﹐還是一個大煙筒。 改變陋習﹐確實須從個人主觀努力著手﹐如果借助於外來的環境和影響﹐成功率就高出數倍﹐很有可能一舉成功。 穆斯林在齋月裡的功修﹐就是一個最能見效的外助力﹐幫助我們實現改正陋習的規劃和理想。
飲食的陋習多種多樣﹐如飲酒﹑吸煙﹑吃零食﹑喝濃茶或咖啡﹐習慣性對攝入某種刺激性的飲食﹐對腸胃產生了定時反應﹐例如消化液中對接收那種嗜好飲食的期待﹐就是「癮」力發作的時候﹐機體很難熬。 守齋戒的人﹐決心很大﹐要求很嚴﹐從黎明前到日落時﹐滴水不沾﹐粒米不進﹐因為齋戒是發自內心裡對真主的敬畏和懼怕﹐必須忠誠老實。 那麼﹐這個精神力量就是克制機體難熬時的強大生力軍﹐使自己的意志堅強起來﹐戰勝艱難感受和身體的煎熬。
以吸煙為例﹐這是最常見的「上癮」﹐如果吸煙的習慣可以克服﹐那麼對其他陋習的糾正也應當有信心了。 醫療科學家確信﹐每天吸食一盒香煙的人﹐一年中在他的肺葉上積累了兩小杯的焦油。 煙葉的焦油中含有尼古丁﹐刺激肺葉渴望吸食更多的煙﹐壓低刺激性﹐就是「過癮」的效果。 如果連續三十天停止吸煙﹐肺葉上積存的尼古丁逐漸減少﹐刺激功能也相應會降低。 一個月的齋戒﹐在開頭的幾天﹐實在難熬﹐但到了一個月結束時﹐難熬的程度有明顯的降低﹐這說明﹐刺激性減弱了﹐而且精力旺盛。 這是關鍵時刻﹐只須再努一把力﹐不再復舊﹐徹底戒煙可以大告成功。
根據美國心理學會公佈的資料﹐戒煙如此﹐對於其他陋習也是同樣的原理﹐所以任何陋習都能解除﹐只須有堅強的毅力和決心。 齋月可以起到重大的輔助功能﹐走向健康飲食習慣的成功之路。 齋月裡白天長時間停止飲食﹐是腸胃的淨洗過程﹐有利於體內排毒﹐如尼古丁﹑咖啡因或酒精。 晚上開齋的時候一到﹐又飢又渴﹐穆斯林習慣齋月必備的清水和蜜棗﹐是空腹第一進食的最健康食品。 禮拜之後﹐開始正餐﹐大快朵頤﹐比平常多倍地感受到飲食的美味﹐這時對小小嗜好已位於第二﹐不很重要了。 足餐飽飲之後﹐想起來那些嗜好﹐如果再堅持一把﹐可以把癮頭壓制一下﹐做過泰勒威拜功﹐身體已經很累了﹐最大的需要是睡覺休息﹐不給嗜好魔蟲一點機會。
除了飲食和吸煙﹐現代人還患有一種新式嗜好 ---- 看電視。 根據國外家庭生活調查﹐一般的家庭每天看電視時間超過六個小時﹐心理學家把長時間看電視比作是自身虐待或摧殘行為﹐不但遠離了親朋好友﹐疏忽了工作和學習﹐而且引來各種現代「電視病」。
平常日子裡﹐下班回家﹐妻子在廚房裡忙碌﹐男子漢們無所事事﹐只有瞪著兩只眼睛看電視。 齋月裡﹐作息時間要做重大調整﹐看電視的時間應當主動減少﹐更加精選自己所喜好的少數節目﹐其他一切都免了﹐也可以讓上學的孩子多學習﹐早睡覺﹐全家安寧。 也有許多穆斯林家庭﹐齋月裡創造無電視月﹐切斷電源﹐關閉電視一個月﹐改變一下生活方式﹐告誡自己不要把電視變成癖習的頑症﹐成為電視奴隸。
假如沒有齋月﹐一年四季一個模式過日子﹐如同空中直達飛行﹐沒有停息﹑思考和調節的機會。 齋月向穆斯林提供了這樣一個機會﹐每年之中有一個月﹐回顧過去的一年﹐思考﹑檢討﹑反省﹑調整﹑懺悔﹐改正生活陋習﹐可以提高生活的品質﹑人性的道德﹑社會關係和信仰覺悟。
每年的齋月﹐如何取得最大的收穫﹐從飲食和習慣方面可以最後總結出幾條經驗﹐供同胞們參考﹕
**** 目標明確﹐改正陋習﹐如吸煙﹑飲酒﹑喝濃咖啡或濃茶﹔
**** 吃健康食品﹐多喝清水﹐停止各種有添加劑的軟飲料﹔
**** 多吃水果和蔬菜﹐少吃肉﹑甜食和重油食品﹔
**** 開齋時吃蜜棗﹐喝清水﹐做完昏禮開始正餐﹔
**** 保證充足睡眠﹐控制電視節目﹔
**** 提高精神戰鬥力﹐鼓足勇氣克服癖好﹐改變陋習﹐加強社會友誼。

載自:伊斯蘭之光 (阿里編譯自Can Ramadan Beat Bad Habits﹖ by Saffia Meek)

伊斯蘭視野中的愛情觀


人們都說:愛情是人類社會永不衰退的主題,不同時代,不同文化思想,不同宗教信仰,甚至不同國度的人們都賦予了它不盡相同的理念和內涵。

廣而言之,愛情指的是人與人之間乃至人與物之間的一種愛與被愛的關係。狹義的愛情指的則是:男女之間以婚姻為目的的愛與被愛的關係。

伊斯蘭的愛情觀有其鮮明的特點。我們說愛安拉,愛使者(願主福安之),愛父母,愛妻子,愛兒女,都有其不同的含義。愛安拉指的是敬畏服從安拉;愛使者(願主福安之)指的是跟隨效忠使者(願主福安之);愛父母,指的是孝順父母;愛妻子指的是滿意喜悅妻子;愛兒女指的是關懷、呵護子女……

現在,讓我們從伊斯蘭視野中來談談狹義的愛情——男女之間以婚姻為目的的愛情觀。伊斯蘭認為:男女之間的愛是一種美好,它是造物主給他的僕人的一種恩賜。真主還說:「她們是你們的衣服,你們也是她們的衣服」。伊斯蘭鼓勵、命令夫妻之間應當互相敬重,互相喜悅、愛慕,並把這種愛上升為一種功修,一種服從安拉的標誌。

愛是一種感覺,一種天性,一種情感。伊斯蘭不責成人類的情感,因為 人的情感的本質不是人自主的,正如你對某事某物的喜怒哀樂,安拉不會加以責成。你不喜歡張三或喜歡李四或喜歡多一些或少一些,你不會因此而被責成,正如使者(願主福安之)對他的妻子所說:「主啊!我分配我所能控制的,不要責成我所不能控制的。」曾經有人對「歐曼爾」(願主喜悅之)說:「穆民的長官,我不喜歡你。」歐曼爾(願主喜悅之)問他:「那麼你會虐待我嗎?」他說:「不會。」歐曼爾(願主喜悅之)說:「你愛不愛我無關緊要。」

伊斯蘭不責成人們的情感,但卻責成形成後天的情感的因素。因此,伊斯蘭對於情感領域的範疇有兩個要求:① 當成為情感的主人,不要讓情感趨向於不符合伊斯蘭的範疇。比如當你看到一個漂亮的女孩,你可能會對她產生愛慕之情,伊斯蘭並不認為你的這種愛慕之情是一種犯罪,但當你故意單獨接近女孩,單獨約會……等,在伊斯蘭的視野裡就成了非法的。又如,你不喜歡張三,伊斯蘭不以之為罪,但當他向你問候(道色蘭)時,你因不喜歡他而不作答——這便是一種罪過。② 培養正確、美好的感情,遠距不好的習性。比如培養對真理、正義的追求和熱愛。又比如你不喜歡你的哥哥,你沒有必要顯形於色,你應該儘量避免這種感情,試圖培養喜歡他的情感。

伊斯蘭不承認「一見鍾情」之說。真愛不會憑空產生,一面之緣,不足成愛。也許你第一眼看某人,你會覺得順眼或有點好感,但他和愛有本質的區別,和你長相思守的愛人離開你,你也許吃飯、休息、睡覺時都會想起他(她),但一面之緣的人,也許很快你就會忘記。在這裡我們應該把愛和欲區別開來,愛是神聖的、莊嚴的;欲則是貪婪的,低級的,是魔鬼的行動。

伊斯蘭的愛情觀中,往往人們不可理解,甚至認為不可接受的是伊斯蘭的求愛方式,伊斯蘭認為:男女婚前任何方式的獨處,都是不妥的或非法的。兩人的獨處時,有魔鬼的介入,事實證明兩人獨處其結果往往超越法度。有很多人卻認為兩人獨處並無大礙,然而伊斯蘭防微杜漸,使者(願主福安之)說:「男女獨處,惡魔便是他們的第三者(同伴)」。凡是獨處惡魔隨時都有機會慫恿你一步一步不知不覺邁向歧途甚至幹罪。伊斯蘭不允許男女獨處,並不意味著伊斯蘭禁止男女之間的愛情,事實恰恰相反伊斯蘭提倡男女(夫妻)之間的愛,正像我們前面所述。伊斯蘭禁止的是不健康的求愛方式及不負責的的愛。

如果你看上一個人,而且你想真正去愛他(她)選擇他(她)為你的終身伴侶,那麼伊斯蘭允許你合法的去瞭解他(她),使者(願主福安之)說:「如果真主讓你們喜歡上一個女人,你們可以觀察她,它對兩人長期相處不致後悔最相益。」比如在家人、朋友、同學的陪同下互相交談、瞭解、相互推心置腹,暢談彼此的興趣、愛好、理想、要求,真誠的去瞭解、對待。如果有共同的理解、追求、且能相互容忍,就力求達成更可靠的婚約。這樣本著認真、真誠、尊敬的「戀愛」總比冠以「浪漫」而毫無保障,甚至相互玩弄、欺騙的「戀愛」應該更穩固、更有價值吧?!

有人說:婚前不相互認識瞭解,將來如何建立幸福美滿的家庭?

首先:伊斯蘭並沒有禁止婚前的互相認識瞭解,相反使者(願主福安之)鼓勵瞭解觀察對象。伊斯蘭禁止的是那些不健康,以惡魔為伍的,會引發私欲導致犯罪的一切途徑和方式。在這裡我們應該清楚,不要把傳統的父母全權包辦的傳統習慣和伊斯蘭的婚姻制度混為一堂,伊斯蘭鼓勵的是光明正大,認真嚴肅,有責任感的以婚姻為基礎的健康求愛方式,對於時下的這種「浪漫」,「自由」,互相玩弄的求愛方式是和伊斯蘭格格不入的。很多人正是以著這個冠冕堂皇的藉口演繹出了今天的「婚前同居」、「試婚」等性氾濫思想。越是性開放、性氾濫的地區,其離婚率越高,家庭越動盪不安,這是我們有目共睹的不可爭辯的事實。

其次,婚前相處,往往相互展現的都是自己最美好的一面,一到婚後,雙方都有被欺騙的感覺,都在埋怨婚前美妙的山盟海誓那裡去了。口頭的山盟海誓並不是什麼難事,難的相互理解尊重,容忍以及生活中的磕磕碰碰。這種婚前不真實的展現成了婚後家庭不穩定的因素。因此,我們說婚前的相互瞭解,並不是保持婚後穩定及建立和睦家庭的根本措施,婚前瞭解最為徹底的西方,恰是離婚率最高,家庭關係最為緊張,最具隱患的地方。

婚姻本來就應該是人類最神聖、最莊嚴的一項大事,我們應該謹而有謹、慎而又慎的對待。伊斯蘭認為:健康、認真的求愛方式是幸福穩固的婚姻的前提,幸福穩固的婚姻是健康家庭的基礎,健康家庭則是健康社會的基礎,健康的社會則是鑄造健康美好人類文明的保證。

對於個體而言,如果你是男性,你選擇一女子作為你的妻子,你當清楚她將是你孩子的母親,你家庭的監護人;如果你是女性,你選擇一男子作為丈夫,你當清楚他將是孩子的父親,你一生的 靠山。

誰都想選擇美貌、英俊、善良的物件,我們很難想像當你們結婚了,你的物件和其他異性還保持著千絲萬縷的聯繫,甚至背著作一些見不得人的事―――這是誰之過?這也許不得不讓我們重新審視所謂「浪漫」的愛情。讓我們來設想這樣一個鏡頭,當你洞房花燭夜,你是否有勇氣並真誠地拉著你妻子的手說:「你是我第一個觸摸的女性」 嗎?如果你是女性,你又是否有勇氣並真誠的對拉著你的手的男人說:「你是第一個觸摸的男人」 嗎?如果都有,再甜美的山盟海誓在這兩句簡單樸實的語言前面都顯得蒼白無力,那將是你們神聖婚約的一種什麼樣鎮靜劑啊!如果都沒有,那將又是一種什麼樣的結局呢?

伊斯蘭要求青年認真,嚴肅對待婚姻。達成婚約的前提是:信仰統一、當事人雙方同意、證婚人、聘禮。結婚需要給聘禮,而不是草草行事,不難看出,伊斯蘭視婚姻的神聖行性,甚至讓不理解人們認為這種婚姻過分束縛年青人,讓想成婚者感到壓力,然而我們說:婚姻是美好的,但它同時是一種責任,一種使命,伊斯蘭要求年青人渴望婚姻的同時珍重婚姻,來不得半點輕浮或虛假。我們隨時需要用心去苛護,它並不是可有可無的,我們能擁有美好的結婚時光是一種恩典,是來之不易的,在伊斯蘭的視野裡正因為有了這層關係,不致讓人們隨意的褻瀆婚姻、撕破婚約,而是相互真愛,相互容忍。

伊斯蘭認為:愛是神聖的,愛安拉是一切形式的愛的基礎和源泉,所有的都將消失,唯有對安拉的愛永垂不朽,它將帶我們入住樂園,享受永久的愛和幸福!

作者: 馬利雄

Islam 伊斯蘭

What is Islam? 什麼是伊斯蘭?

Islam is not a new religion, but the same truth that Allah revealed through all His Prophets to every people. For a fifth of the world's population, Islam is both a religion and a complete way of life. Muslims follow a religion of peace, mercy, and forgiveness, and the majority have nothing to do with the extremely grave events, which have come to he associated with their faith.

伊斯蘭不僅只是宗教 ;一切的真理是從安拉透過眾使者傳達真理給全世界的人;占全球五分之一的穆斯林人口來說 伊斯蘭不僅只是一個宗教但是一個完整系統的生活 ;穆斯林遵循愛好合平 慈善 和尊重原諒的宗教 並和外界所說的黑暗與被壓迫的說法絕對是錯的

Who are the Muslims?

Over one billion people from a vast range of races, nationalities and cultures across the globe - from the southern Philippines to Nigeria - are united by their common Islamic faith. About 18% live in the Arab world; the world's largest Muslim community is Indonesia; substantial parts of Asia and most parts of Africa are Muslim, while significant minorities are to be found in Russia, China, North and South America, and Europe.

What do Muslims believe?


Muslims believe in One, Unique, Incomparable God; in the Angels created by Him; in the Proph­ets through whom His revelations were brought to mankind; in the Day of Judgement and the individual accountability for actions; in God's complete authority over human destiny and in life after death. Muslims believe in a chain of Prophets starting with Adam and including Noah, Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Job, Moses, Aaron, David, Solomon, Elias, Jonah, John and Jesus (peace be upon them all). But God's final message to man, a reconfirmation of the eternal message and a summing-up of all that has gone before, was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad, (peace be on him), through Archangel Gabriel.
How does someone become a Muslim?Simply by saying 'there is no deity apart from Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.' By this declaration the believer announces his or her faith in all messengers of Allah, and the scriptures they brought.

What does 'Islam' mean?

The Arabic word 'Islam' simply means 'submission,' and derives from a word meaning 'peace.' In a religious context it means complete submission to the will of Allah. 'Muhammadanism' is thus a misnomer, because it suggests that Muslims worship Muhammad rather than Allah. "Allah" is the Arabic name for God, which is used by Arab Muslims and Christians alike.
Why does Islam often seem strange?Islam may seem exotic or even extreme in the modern world. Perhaps this is because religion does not dominate everyday life in the West today, whereas Muslims have religion always uppermost in their minds, and make no division between the secular and the sacred. They believe that the Divine Law, the Shari'ah, should be taken very seriously, which is why issues related to religion are still so important.
Do Islam and Christianity have different origins?No. Together with Judaism, they go back to the Prophet and Patriarch Abraham (peace be on him), and their three Prophets are directly descended from his sons - Muhammad (peace be on him) from the eldest, Ishmael, and Moses and Jesus from Isaac. Abraham established the settlement, which today is the city of Makkah, and built the Ka'bah towards which all Muslims turn when they pray.

What is the Ka'bah?

The Ka'bah is the place of worship which Allah commanded Abraham and Ishmael to build over four thousand years ago. The building was constructed of stone on what many believe was the original site of the sanctuary established by Adam. God commanded Abraham to summon all mankind to visit this place, and when pilgrims go there today, they say 'At Thy service, O Lord,' in response to Abraham's call.

Who is Muhammad?

Muhammad (peace be on him) was born in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the year 570, at a time when Christianity was not yet fully established in Europe. Since his father died before his birth, and his mother shortly afterwards, he was raised by his uncle from the respected tribe of Quraysh. As he grew up, he became known for his truthfulness, generosity and sincerity, so that he was sought after for his ability to arbitrate in disputes. The historians describe him as calm and meditative.

Muhammad (peace be. on him) was of a deeply religious nature, and had long detested the decadence of his society. It became his habit to meditate from time to time in the Cave of Hira near the summit of Jabal Al-Nur, the 'Mountain of Light' near Makkah.
How did he become a Prophet and a Messenger of God?At the age of 40, while engaged in meditative retreat, Muhammad (peace be on him) received his first revelation from Allah through the Angel Gabriel. This revelation, which continued for twenty three years, is known as the Qur'an.

As soon as he began to recite the words he heard from Gabriel, and to preach the truth which Allah had revealed to him, he and his small group of followers suffered bitter persecution, which grew so fierce that in the year 622, Allah gave them the command to emigrate. This event, the Hijrah, 'migration,' in which they left Makkah for the city of Madinah some 420 kilometres to the north, marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar.
After several years, the Prophet (peace be on him) died at the age of 63, and within a century of his death, Islam had spread to Spain in the West and as far East as China.
How did the spread of Islam affect the world?Among the reasons for the rapid and peaceful spread of Islam was the simplicity of its doctrine - Islam calls for faith in only One God worthy of worship. It also repeatedly instructs man to use his powers of intelligence and observation.
Within a few years, great civilizations and universities were flourishing, for according to the Prophet (peace be on him), 'Seeking knowledge is an obligation for every Muslim.' The synthesis of Eastern and Western ideas and of new thought with old, brought about great advances in medicine, mathematics, physics, astronomy, geography, architecture, art, literature, and history. Many crucial systems, such as algebra, the Arabic numerals, and also the concept of the zero (vital to the advancement of mathematics), were transmitted to medieval Europe from Islam. Sophisticated instruments, which were to make possible the European voyages of discovery, were developed, including the astrolabe, the quadrant and good navigational maps.

What is the Qur'an?

The Qur'an is a record of the exact words revealed by Allah through the Angel Gabriel to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be on him). It was memorized by Muhammad (peace be on him) and then dictated to his Companions, and written down by scribes, who cross­checked it during his lifetime. Not one word of its 114 chapters, Surahs, has been changed over the centuries, so that the Qur'an is in every detail the unique and miraculous text, which was revealed to Muhammad (peace be on him) fourteen centuries ago.
What is the Qur'aan about?The Qur'an, the last revealed Word of God, is the prime source of every Muslim's faith and practice. It deals with all the subjects which concern us as human beings: wisdom, doctrine, worship and law, but its basic theme is the relationship between God and His creatures. At the same time, it provides guidelines for a just society, proper human conduct and an equitable economic system.
Are there any other sacred sources?Yes, the Sunnah, the practice and example of the Prophet (peace be on him), is the second authority for Muslims. A Hadith is a reliably transmitted report of what the Prophet (peace be on him) said, did, or approved. Belief in the Sunnah is part of the Islamic faith.

Examples of the Prophet's sayings:

The Prophet (peace be on him) said:
'Allah has no mercy on one who has no mercy for others.'
'None of you truly believes until he wishes for his brother what he wishes for himself.'
'He who eats his fill while his neighbour goes without food, is not a believer.'
'The truthful and honest businessman will be in the company of the Prophets, the truthful people, and the martyrs on the Day of Judgement.'
'Powerful is not he who knocks the other down, indeed powerful is he who controls himself in a fit of anger.'
'Allah does not judge according to your bodies and appearances, but He scans your hearts and looks into your deeds.'
'A man walking along a path felt very thirsty. Reaching a well he descended into it, drinking his fill and came up. Then he saw a dog with its tongue hanging out, trying to lick up mud and quench its thirst. The man saw that the dog was feeling the same thirst as he had felt so he went down into the well again and filled his shoe with water and gave the dog a drink. Allah forgave his sins for this action.'
The Prophet (peace be on him) was asked: 'Messenger of Allah, are we rewarded for kindness towards animals?' He said: 'There is a reward for kindness to every living thing.'

(From the Hadith collections of Bukhari, Muslim, Tirmidhi and Bayhaqi.)





What to avoide during the month of Ramadan 齋月中減少進行的活動


1)Reduce watching TV, instead spend more time reading the Quran and other Islamic literature. 減少一些娛樂的活動 ;在這段期應間多誦讀古蘭經和多進行關於宗教的活動。


2)Avoid looking at unlawful pictures, whether magazines, department store catalogs or otherwise.必免觀看一些不雅照片 和報章雜誌 、目錄所展出的不雅裸露的圖片。


3)Avoid going to theaters; instead go to Masajid, Islamic organizations and make that a daily habit.
避免去娛樂場所 應多進清真寺或參與宗教活動和有益的組織。

4)Avoid eating too much. Eat only when you are hungry and try not to fill your stomach completely. 避免吃過多;應適當的吃飽 ;當感到肚子餓時只需吃到八分飽即可。


5)If you drink Coffee, Tea or Soda, be sure to reduce consumption.
如果你是喜愛喝咖啡的人; 應避免攝取過多。


6)If you smoke, try to reduce daily usage or quite smoking immediately; otherwise Ramadan will be very difficult for you to observe.
如果你喜歡抽煙的人應減少煙量 或藉由封齋的機會把煙戒掉 ;否則齋戒對你來說將會變得非常困難。


7)If you like to listen to music, try to eliminate the time you spent on them; replace them with reciting and listening to recitation from the Quran.
如果你習慣聽音樂的人 ;應在齋月中減少或避開;而應多利用時間誦讀或聆聽古蘭經。


08)If you are used to staying up till midnight, try to go to bed earlier, so that you will be able to wake up early for Salat al-Fajr and Tahajjud prayers as well.
如果習慣晚睡的人 ;應早時就寑 有幫助早上更能容易早起封齋 或作夜間拜和晨禮。

To prepare ourselves for anything in life is a sign of wisdom and maturity. No one is assured of living one day more; tomorrow may not come. So hurry and benefit from blessings and rewards from Allah.
應在齋月前提早作好準備; 我們沒有誰可以確保能活到下一秒或者明天 ;如果沒有安拉的恩典 我們更應該加快腳部把握這個貴重的月份所作的一切善功。
May ALLAH reward for the Ibadah that you have done Inshallah!
祈求真主回賜我們的一切善功..Inshallah!

Ramadan Kareem رمضان كريم


Welcome to My blog and Happy Ramadan Day!
歡迎你到我的部落格來 希望在此有多收穫 ~~齋戒日吉慶 !